Human-centered Islam”: Islamic Liberalism in an Indonesian NGO, eLSA

Abstract

This article examines the development of Islamic liberalism within the Indonesian NGO eLSA (Institute for Social and Religious Studies), founded by graduates of UIN Walisongo Semarang. Initially shaped by traditional pesantren education rooted in conservatism and scripturalism, eLSA members encountered liberal Islamic ideas during university through critical discussions and interfaith experiences. Influenced by figures like Nurcholish Madjid and Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur), they adopted a contextual, humanist, and pluralist approach to Islam—what the author terms “human-centered Islam.” eLSA’s activities include interfaith dialogue, support for religious minorities such as Penghayat Kepercayaan, and reinterpretation of Islamic obligations through a social lens. Rather than viewing Islam as rigid and exclusionary, eLSA members promote inclusivity, empathy, and engagement with other religious traditions, even studying at Christian universities. Their practice contrasts sharply with the image of radical Islam often portrayed in media and dominant academic discourse. This study argues that liberal Islamic expressions like those of eLSA are critical for achieving interreligious harmony and defending human rights in Indonesia. It also demonstrates that resistance to exclusivism and religious intolerance can emerge organically from within Muslim communities through education, reflection, and grassroots engagement.